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Inspired by the Silurian Spring House that once stood in the present Spring Park, this replica was made to honor the legacy of the Spring Era in shaping the City of Waukesha. The octagon design was typical of many spring house structures. The raised center platform indicates where the spring would have been exposed for tourists "taking the waters." The open pavilion style also indicates the seasonal nature of the springs. They were summer destinations, with companies focusing on bottling and shipping production during the cooler months.Originally installed at the Five Points intersection just a short distance away, the pavilion proved to be an inconvenience for drivers downtown. It was moved to the present location, as part of the river walk improvement project.

Postcard of Springhouse at the Five Points intersection

Springhouse at the Five Points intersection

This replica of the Silurian Spring house was originally placed in downtown Waukesha, at the so-called Five Points intersection of Main, Broadway, and Grand Ave. It was later moved to the present location along the Fox River Walk as a reminder of the spring houses that once populated the city.

Reproduction Silurian Spring House

Institution

From 1868 - 1914 the City of Waukesha was renown for its natural mineral springs. Across the United States and Europe, water treatments or hydropathy had gained a significant following as an alternative to traditional medicine. Cities and towns across the US capitalized on natural mineral and hot springs to attract tourists, and an emerging bottled water and soda industry. 

In Waukesha a shallow aquifer fed the springs providing a crisp, cool mineral water noted for it's "effervescent" quality when fresh. Dozens of companies claimed spring sites for development. Some simply used existing natural springs, that bubbled to the surface. Others dug wells to strike into the aquifer. Most spring companies invested in creating destination springs, as well as bottling. 

Spring houses were usually the first structures indicating a developed spring site. From simple pavilion structures to grand spring houses, dozens of springs were improved across the city. Companies invested in onsite hotels and spas complete with bath houses, walking paths, green spaces, and among other amenities. The city was transformed each summer with thousands of visitors arriving via train and carriage. Southern residents were particularly attracted to the milder northern summertime. 

This walking tour will take you from Bethesda Spring credited with starting the era, to the original location of White Rock Spring, the only spring brand that is still in operation today. 

Known as Bethesda park today, this site is home to the Bethesda Spring that reshaped the economic and social landscape of Waukesha in the second half of the 19th century. One of many naturally occurring mineral springs throughout the city, it was developed and marketed by Col. Richard Dunbar and his wife, Catherine. It was marketed as a water based alternative medicine—or hydropathy—offering customers “healthful benefits” by drinking the mineral water. Dunbar first visited the spring while touring a horse pasture owned by his sister-in-law Elizabeth Carney Clark(e). By 1868, Dunbar had purchased the property and launched the Bethesda Spring Water company. This began what today is known as the Springs Era, transforming the village of Waukesha into a world-renowned resort city.Bethesda Spring was the first spring water company in the city to market nationally, for both tourists to visit the property and for retail sales of bottled spring water. After Dunbar's commercialization of the spring in 1868 and subsequent promotion of the spring, the business grew phenomenally. Those who visited Bethesda spring brought bottles and buckets to carry the healing water. By 1870, water was shipped in barrels within the United States and internationally. The local newspaper, the Waukesha Freeman, mentioned ceramic demijohns (jug, or carboy) and bottles of water shipping from the Bethesda Spring Water company in late 1871.On the property, Dunbar developed the land surrounding his spring into a park, planting hundreds of trees, and creating walking paths for patrons to enjoy. Above the spring, eight columns supported the spring house. Inside the spring house, statues of two angels hung by wire over the pool and became the symbol of Bethesda. A hotel project was planned, with a cornerstone ceremony on September 2, 1870 attended by then Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, Salmon P Chase. Unfortunately, the proposed hotel was never completed.According to the Freeman, a noteworthy visit to the Bethesda Spring came in June of 1872, when the widow Mrs. Abraham Lincoln came to Waukesha some years after the death of the president and was reported to have visited the spring. Business continued to go well and each year there were improvements to the spring and grounds. In 1874, five latticework pavilions were laid around the Bethesda pool with a spring in each pavilion. This was supposed to recreate the Judean Bethesda as described in the Bible. For the 1876 Centennial of the founding of the United States, Bethesda water was used to celebrate the event in Philadelphia and the spring house and grounds were looking their best.The Dunbar's had various legal situations to deal with as owners of the Bethesda Spring. One notable lawsuit began later in 1876, when J. K. Glenn claimed that his spring was the source of the Bethesda spring and began promoting his water as Glenn-Bethesda water. In the end, Dunbar lost the lawsuit and the word Bethesda could not be copyrighted. This did not damper business, and barrels of Bethesda continued to ship throughout the world while the Bethesda spring and grounds in Waukesha were a destination for visitors.Ten years after purchasing the spring, Colonel Dunbar died of heart failure on December 15, 1878. The city mourned the passing of a great man. Catherine, his wife, managed the spring for several years, but sold the property in 1881. The ensuing years were ones of stagnation. A group of businessmen ran the spring and though the spring continued to attract visitors, it ran into stiff competition as other spring sites developed throughout the city.In 1885, the board of directors hired Alfred "Long" Jones to manage Bethesda Spring. Jones was a former Illinois senator and a popular figure. Called "Long" because of his 6'3" height, he greeted his visitors and saw to their every comfort. He also began charging people to visit the spring, a controversial move that was met with much opposition. Jones purchased stock in the corporation and was elected chairman in 1888. He oversaw many improvements to the park. Business grew tremendously and in 1889 it was recorded that 5,000 quarts of water were bottled daily.As Jones focused on the social aspects of the spring, more improvements were made in the 1890s. Jones constructed a large hotel, the Terrace, on Dunbar Avenue opposite the entrance gate. In 1892, a spectacular Bethesda pavilion was built with two levels of marble floor for the spring and the visitors. Some of the features of the pavilion were prisms of colored class arranged so that the colors of the rainbow merged on the pool of water and electric lights lighting the structure at night. The Fox River was also dredged to make a better location for boaters.Jones' son, Alfred Wirt Jones, replaced his father as manager in 1896. He continued what is father had started and business continued to grow. By 1906, Bethesda shipped 300,000 gallons of water annually.During the 1920s, the business was reorganized and continued successfully. In 1934, however, felled by the Depression, Bethesda went into receivership. A trio of Chicago investors, Morris Cohn, Herman Glick, and George Brenner purchased the company and moved the Chicago "Bon Ton" business to Waukesha.Bethesda products continued to be bottled by the Bon Ton Company through the 1970s. The Slogan "Bottled At The Spring" was adopted. Exciting new soda water flavors were developed by the company in the lab, which was installed in the plant.The company sold most of the park to the city but retained the rights to the water. In 1949, the beautiful pavilion was demolished. The owners claimed it was beyond repair, and replaced it with a simple concrete block structure, which remains there today.Bethesda changed owners several times throughout the late 1970s - '90s. The change in ownership led to deterioration of the bottling equipment. In 1997, when the parent company of Bethesda (located in Pennsylvania), went bankrupt, the bottling of water ceased. The water continues to flow at Bethesda Spring, however, and is said to be of the same quality that Colonel Dunbar discovered in 1868.

Known by the Native Americans that inhabited the area, what became Bethesda Springs was first mentioned in the early 1830's when government workers took sick and a local guide informed them of the waters. By 1868, Col. Richard Dunbar had purchased the property from his sister in law Elizabeth Carney and launched the Bethesda Spring Water company, named after the pool of Bethesda in the Bible. He began what today is known as the Springs Era, transforming Waukesha into a world-renowned resort city. During the Depression, Bethesda Springs went into receivership and was purchased by the Chicago "Bon Ton" business which moved to Waukesha and continued to bottle the water through the 1970’s. Bethesda changed owners several times throughout the period spanning from the late 1970s to the 1990s. By 1997, Bethesda’s last owner went bankrupt and the bottling of water ceased.

Bethesda Spring

During the late 19th and early 20th century Waukesha became a wellness-destination for tourists. Hydropathy - or water cure - treatments had become rigor de jour in both the United States and Europe during the Victorian Era as an alternative to the interventions of traditional medical care. Wisconin's mild summer climate was especially attractive to tourists from Texas, Louisianna, and Mississippi.James K. Glenn, a New York millionaire, came to Waukesha in 1875 in search of a cure for his diabetes. Like countless others, Glenn relaxed and drank Waukesha's waters, and after a week he proclaimed himself cured. Inspired, Glenn wanted to join in the spring water business. He consulted Col. Richard Dunbar, a fellow New Yorker, and owner of the famed Bethesda Spring. At first Glenn proposed a business deal to become an agent selling Bethesda spring water in New York, but this deal never came to be.The Waukesha Freeman newspaper reported on October 7th, 1875 that a new spring had been "discovered" on West Ave. This spring was not in fact a proper natural spring where the water flows to the surface from a vein of groundwater, but a dug well. Glenn had purchased part of the property and dug the land down, so that it looked like a natural spring, surrounding it in limestone block. This spring was under a pavilion and was located behind a large office building with a sign “GLENN WAUKESHA MINERAL SPRING”. At the back of the building, there was a porch where guests could sit which later was enlarged to a small bath house. The property was surrounded by a white picket fence and included a second pavilion, which eventually became the location of the bottling plant, as well as a long driveway with boardwalk on each side and trees that eventually grew up create a canopy to shade the visitors. People could also access the park by renting a boat on the Fox River.   Within a few months from its initial purchase, everything was going well for the so-called Glenn Spring and it gained popularity. Trouble began in 1876 when Glenn started advertising the water bottled from his spring as Glenn-Bethesda. He claimed that his spring was the true source of the nearby Bethesda Spring, and therefore purer than Bethesda. Colonel Dunbar, the owner of Bethesda Spring, objected to the claim and name use, filing a lawsuit against Glenn for copyright infringement.Glenn attempted to prove that his spring was the true source of Bethesda by conducting an experiment to exhaust the flow of Bethesda spring. It is noteworthy that Glenn Spring is downhill from Bethesda Spring, therefore water would have to flow uphill for the claim that Glenn Spring was the source of Bethesda Spring to be true. This experiment failed, but Glenn would not be stopped. He proceeded to publish untrue and harmful claims about Bethesda Spring and Col. Dunbar in local newspapers. The people of Waukesha began to get angry with Glenn. Multiple additional tests were carried out to figure out once and for all if Glenn Spring was truly the source of Bethesda, and all of these tests proved that it was not. Finally, in an 1877 decision by the Wisconsin Supreme Court it was decided that Bethesda was not Glenn's rightful trademark.Things eventually settled down and Glenn began to make up for what he had done, improving his standing in the Waukesha community. Glenn hired a businessman, Mr. N. H. Glenny, to manage the spring and Glenn visited the spring often during the summer months up until his death in February 1882. At the time of his death, James Glenn was fondly remembered by the Waukesha community, despite the earlier water fiasco. Glenn Spring was sold to new owners by J. K. Glenn’s window, Mary, their daughter, Cordie, and her husband, George.In 1883, Theodore H. Bryant of Chicago purchased the Glenn Spring for $30,000 and talked about improving the property. It ended up being only talk and after going into foreclosure in 1887, Theodore sold it to Charles Browne of Colorado for $40,000. This sale was voided by lawsuits. Mary Glenn purchased the spring again for $28,000 on May 20, 1887, allowing the bottling of Glenn Spring water to continue. Glenny was noted as the manager there in 1888. In July of 1891, Mary sold the Glenn Springs property to Roland R. Conklin for $15,000.          Prior to the 1893 Chicago Columbian World Exposition, James E. McCley purchased the Glenn Spring from Conklin with the intention of pumping water from a combined Glenn-Hygiea Spring reservoir through a pipeline to Chicago. There he would sell 'fresh' Waukeha Spring Water to the millions of projected attendees at the Exposition. However, residents stopped the pipeline and in the end Glenn Spring was sold with Hygiea Spring to J. K. Anderson.Anderson incorporated Glenn and Hygeia springs into the Waukesha Water Company. The public was admitted for free to the Hygeia-Glenn spring, making it a popular attraction. After six years, it fell into receivership and in 1900 a fire occurred in the Glenn Spring bottling plant.    Maps show that the spring was in existence until at least 1929, but shortly after the land was developed for homes. A reminder of the spring today comes in the form of a small alley named Glenwood Drive that leads from West Avenue to the Fox River. This alley follows the former entrance to Glenn Spring.

Glenn Spring was located on West Ave. next to Henk and Hygeia springs. Opened in 1875 by New York businessman J.K. Glenn, this little spring caused several controversies in Waukesha. The first was J.K. Glen's claim that his spring was the true source of the larger and more profitable Bethesda Spring.The second was during the early 1890's when the spring became part of the Great Pipeline Battle, to directly pump Waukesha spring water to the Chicago Colombian Exposition. The spring was purchased by James E. McElroy with the hope of pumping water from Hygiea Spring to Chicago for the World’s Colombian Exposition of 1893. The plan ultimately failed and the spring was sold, along with Hygeia Spring, to J.K. Anderson who incorporated the new Waukesha Water Company. Anderson opened the spring grounds for free to the community. The site remained through the end of the 1920's but was developed for residential homes after 1929. Today an alleyway, Glenwood Drive is a small reminder of the former Glenn Spring site.

Glenn Spring 

Opened in 1872, Hygeia spring was named for the Greek goddess of health and wellness. Opened and developed beginning in 1872 by Albert Carver and Edward Flannery, Hygeia Spring, named for the Greek Goddess of health, was located at the southwest corner of West and Wisconsin Avenues. The Hygeia springhouse, was one of the most opulent springhouse in Waukesha, and certainly one of the largest and most expensive. The pavilion was built from timber and plaster in the shape and style of a Greek temple, with rows of fluted columns, and a statue of the goddess Hygeia overlooking the stairway down to the spring. Slabs of local limestone lined the spring basin, with the spring itself lined with a circle of cut limestone. A pump powered by two steam engines could barely keep the tremendous flow of the water at bay during the installation.On May 20, 1876, Carver sold his portion of Hygeia to Flannery for $1300. In 1882, William H. Anderson, a man who figured prominently in many Waukesha springs, leased Hygeia for five years from Flannery. He had the building adjoining the spring made into an office and reception house. In 1884, Anderson left Hygeia when he was appointed manager of Silurian Spring. Flannery sold his spring to Camilla A. Smith. Her home still stands on the corner of West and Park Avenues.The Chicago Columbian Exposition drew the attention of companies anxious to attract international attention. Waueksha Spring company was among those looking for business opportunities at the event. In 1891, James McElroy, a Kansas City speculator living in Chicago, came up with a plan to build a pipeline from one of the famous springs in Waukesha down to the Columbian Exposition. There he would sell the water to the millions of visitors expected in attendance. After purchasing the Hygeia Mineral Springs, McElroy started his plan by filing incorporation papers for the Waukesha Hygeia Mineral Spring Company and the Waukesha Pipeline Construction Company in July of 1891. McElroy initially received permission from the village board to lay his pipes, but this was rescinded quickly as the people of Waukesha realized that it would be more beneficial to have fair goers come to Waukesha. At that time multiple passenger trains ran daily from Chicago to Waukesha. Nonetheless McElroy proceeded and with his pipeline plan, and purchasing the nearby Glenn Spring as well. A reservoir was constructed, drawing on water from both spring sites, that would supply the pressure for the pipeline. McElroy continued to execute his plan by purchasing land rights all the way to Chicago.Residents heard rumors that McElroy was continuing with his plan and Village President Sleep set up a watch at the spring to signal if anything was happening.  One Saturday evening in May 1892, while the village slept, a train pulled into the St. Paul Railway Depot with 300 laborers from Chicago, two cars of pipes, one of provisions, and one with horses to begin pipeline construction. They were quickly noticed, and the a fire bell began ringing continuously, waking the residents who mobilized and marched toward the Hygeia Spring carrying rifles, pistols, shovels, and pitchforks. The puzzled workmen stopped in confusion. They had been told they had to lay the pipeline in a hurry and expected to work on Sunday, but they had not been told to expect any opposition. County and village officials attempted to keep order, including local attorneys Timothy Edward Ryan and Theron W. Haight who spoke to the crowd and urged them to be ready and guard the spring, but to not commit any violence. Around 3 am the workmen withdrew, only to return again a few hours later. The alarm sounded again and another confrontation occurred, only this time a tall figure, 'Long Jones,' manager of Bethesda spring, explained to the foreman that they were not welcome and that he could not guarantee their safety. This time the workmen left for good. McElroy was arrested for disturbing the peace and was found to have $8,000 in cash and a revolver in his suit jacket.The battle dragged on for another year as McElroy persuaded the State Legislature to pass a bill allowing him to lay pipe through the grounds of the nearby Wisconsin State School for Boys. A trainload of 745 citizens headed to Madison to protest the legislation, and Governor Peck vetoed the bill, ending McElroy's plan to run his pipeline through the village.McElroy, not wanting to give up, purchased another spring just south of Waukesha in the village of Big Bend. He named this spring Hygeia No. 2, so he could claim the water came from the “Hygeia Spring in Waukesha.” The pipeline was laid from Big Bend through Kenosha and Racine counties to the outskirts of the city of Chicago. Because the city of Chicago would also not allow the pipes to be laid in its city, the water was then transported to the Exposition by tanker trucks. Sold for a penny a glass, the water was not received well at the Exposition, as the water had lost it's 'effervescence' in the pipeline and was described as tasting flat.  The Hygeia Spring was closed after the pipeline controversy. In 1896, J. K. Anderson, who had been involved in Silurian, Arcadian, and Lithia Springs and was the brother of William H. Anderson, purchased the Hygeia Spring that had once been valued at more than $1,000,000 for only $20,000. He formed the Waukesha Water Company with the purchase of Glenn Spring too. Anderson gained public popularity with free admission to the spring. Shortly after his purchase, Anderson proposed that the City of Chicago buy water using the old pipe line installed for the Exposition. Within six years the Waukesha Water Company went into receivership and company assets were sold off to pay the $50,000-$60,000 debt. Hygeia went through a series of owners without renewed success. The Greek temple pavilion was demolished in 1914.

Hygeia Spring, named after the Greek Goddess of health, was located at the southwest corner of West and Wisconsin Avenues. Albert Carver and Edward Flannery opened the spring in 1872, later selling the spring to James C. McElroy.McElroy intended to create a pipeline from Hygeia Spring to the 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition, in order to provide Waukesha's renown spring water "directly from the source." While the village of Waukesha initially approved the pipeline, the community and other spring businesses successfully pressured village leaders to recind the approval. McElroy was determined to see his vision fulfilled and this resulted in what was referred to as the Great Pipeline Battle.

Hygeia Spring

Not too much is known about the early history of Hobo spring, but it first appears on maps in 1891. The spring was named for the hobos who would congregate at it after hitching rides off the nearby Soo railway line. Hobo spring was often overlooked even during the resort era of Waukesha in the late 19th century. It never had an ornate springhouse to protect the waters, like most of Waukesha's springs at the time did. On top of this, it was located nearby to two larger and more successful springs, Orchard and White Rock. Also unlike many of Waukesha's springs, Hobo spring was never commercialized, and its waters never bottled for sale. All this leads to a bit of mystery surrounding the origins of this spring. In an interview with Waukesha photographer Warren O'Brien in the February 9, 1968 Waukesha Freeman newspaper, it was revealed that the Hobo spring once belonged to his grandfather, James O'Brien, and then sold to the Waukesha White Rock Spring Company in about 1885.The City of Waukesha bought Frame park in 1927/1928. In acquiring the park they also acquired Hobo spring. The spring remained part of the park, but was neglected and fell into a state of disrepair. The water from the spring was tested in 1974 and found to be contaminated and unsafe for drinking. The outlet of the spring was walled in in the 70s, and the entire spring became flooded and filled with weeds. A restoration was planned in 1994, and work on restoring the spring started in 1997. A team of volunteers under the supervision of former Landmarks Commission Chairman Debi Hankel put lots of hard work into restoring the spring, having to dismantle and reconstruct the entire wall around the spring, removing weeds and mud from the spring's basin, putting the large stone steps back into place, and rebuilding the wading pool.The type of stone used to originally construct the spring is very rare, and only found within a 45 mile radius of Waukesha. This type of stone had not been available for over 50 years, but it just so happened that during the time of Hobo Spring's restoration, the local Halquist stone company was given the chance to mine a batch of it. The restoration would not have been possible if it wasn't for this, and Halquist stone donated all the stone needed in the restoration.A dedication ceremony was held in the autumn of 1997. The ribbon was cut by Mayor Carol Opel. Hobo spring remains a key landmark in Waukesha. A stark reminder of a time when Waukesha was known world wide for its spring water. Today anyone can go visit Hobo Spring and feel for themselves the crystal clear cold water that once made Waukesha famous.

Hobo Spring, located in present day Frame Park, is one of two springs that were located here. The other spring, Asahel, was located where the Frame Formal Gardens currently are. Hobo Spring was most likely improved and walled in between 1880 and 1892. The spring was never commercialized like many of Waukesha's other springs and was often used by the hobos who came off the Soo Railroad line nearby, hence the name. The spring was not well maintained and was often unnoticed. By 1990 the spring was in very poor shape. It was restored in July of 1997 with efforts from the Waukesha 1834 club, The City of Waukesha Landmarks Commission, Halquist stone, and several other community and private organizations.

Hobo Spring 

One of the longest surviving springs sites in the city, White Rock spring was located along the northern turn of the Fox River in Waukesha, just beyond the northern most end of Frame Park.Hiram Colver, a Waukesha lawyer, purchased the property in 1873 and began advertising the spring that year. In 1874, he built a pavilion over the spring site to protect the water from contaminants. This structure was destroyed by a tornado in 1876, but quickly replaced with a more elaborate spring house. Colver continued to improve the grounds around the spring, though left much of it in a natural state. Starting in 1879, a steamboat named the White Rock Steamer ran along the Fox River taking passengers from the downtown area up to the park in which the spring was located.In 1882, the business was purchased by Chicago Druggists Edwin O. Gale and William F. Blocki. They built a new bottling plant in 1883 to capitalize on growth through national distribution. The plant was placed along the existing railroad line. A bridge was constructed over the Fox River near the plant and new carriage drives were laid, making it easier to reach the park.Gale and Blocki sold part of their spring to Gales brother-in-law Charles E. Welch, in 1887. Welch built a beautiful home adjacent to the bottling plant, and moved his exuberant family to Waukesha. He increased production, and adding onto the bottling facilities in 1900. It was under his ownership that the company also acquired it's most recognizable attribute: the Psyche trademark. The company acquired right to Paul Thurman's painting of "Psyche at Nature's Mirror" at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The words "White Rock" were added to the rock upon which the winged-nymph knelt. Soon the sales of White Rock Water took off. Another innovation for which Welch was responsible for was the carbonation of the water and advertising it as a table water rather than a medical water. Sales of the water grew tremendously and in May 1906 Welch sold the company for $1,300,000.The National Water Company, a division of Wilson Whisky Distilling Company of Baltimore, ran the company for the next few years. Because of its extensive distribution system, White Rock was available worldwide and received numerous awards and honors from international expositions. In 1909, another addition was made to the bottling plant. This addition was remarkable and unique; built using reinforced concrete and modeled after an Egyptian temple. The Wilson Distributing Company ended its lease with White Rock in 1913, and the company was strong enough to stand on its own and eventually was listed on the New York Stock Exchange.White Rock in the 20th century capitalized on print advertising campaigns, with campaign runs in numerous magazines including Harper's Weekly and LIFE. There was also a large electric advertising sign in Times Square in New York City as early as 1911. White Rock Waukesha water was famously served at the coronation of King Edward VII, and President William McKinley's 1897 Inauguration luncheon. Charles Lindbergh even drank White Rock water before his famous Spirit of St. Louis flight. Although Psyche was a fixture of their campaigns, White Rock is also notable for using a modern image of Santa Claus before Coca Cola did.Business continued to flourish in the 1920s and 30s. During the following decades, business held steady with the competition of franchised drinks. In the 1950's, however, White Rock's share of the market declined. An attempt at franchising met with mixed results. In 1970, the company ceased operations in Waukesha. The White Rock Corporation continues however, today based in White Plains, New York. As of 2021, the company celebrates its 150th anniversary.The Waukesha buildings remained intact for the next 20 years, although they were poorly maintained. In 1993, they were nominated as local landmarks by the Landmarks Commission. The owners of the complex petitioned for demolition of the 1909 addition to the plant, and after a series of public hearings the Common Council overrode the decision of the Landmarks Commission and allowed the demolition to take place.In 1996, the owners asked for the rescission of the local landmark designation, and this was denied. They then applied for a demolition permit for each of the remaining structures. The designation was eventually removed and the badly deteriorated spring house and buildings were demolished.

White Rock Spring Company became Waukesha's most famous and well known spring, and is the only active brand that survives to the present day.Founded in 1871, White Rock employed agressive print advertising campaigns, becoming a major national and global brand in the 20th century. The trademark image "Psyche at Nature's Mirror" became one of the most recognizable trademarks in the world.In 1970, White Rock moved all of its operations from Waukesha to New York, where the company and brand still lives on today. The owners of the remaining White Rock buildings in Waukesha did not maintain the site, and had it demolished in 1996.

Waukesha Springs Tour

Reproduction Silurian Spring House

Introduction

Images

Backstory and Context

Sources