Wilcox Saloon Plaque, 1886
Introduction
Text-to-speech Audio
Images
The plaque, located at 100 N Woodland Ave
Firefighters and civilians stand after the fire.
The ruins of downtown DeLand after the fire.
A streetscape of downtown DeLand before the fire.
Bottles recently excavated from around the saloon.
Bootleggers in the central Florida woods during the Prohibition.
People clamor for alcohol after the 18th Amendment was repealed, when saloons were allowed back into downtown DeLand.
Backstory and Context
Text-to-speech Audio
During the 1700’s and into the 1800’s, saloons acted as a meeting place for the people of the town. The Wilcox Saloon located in early DeLand was no different. The saloon, as did many saloons in frontier towns, served as de facto post office, courtroom, trading post, union hall, and a number of other functions.
In 1883, DeLand Academy (now known as Stetson University) had opened, the citrus industry was booming, and downtown was buzzing with activity. The population was on the rise and many businesses were opening and thriving.
It was late one September night in the year 1886 and suddenly the darkness was lit by flames poking up from over twenty buildings in the downtown area. Where did it start? The Wilcox Saloon, ignited by an unattended cigar that had been dropped on the floor. All the buildings of that time were constructed of wood, making them a fire’s best friend. By the time the sun was out and the fire had been extinguished, over twenty-two buildings had been burn to the ground, taking thirty-three businesses and causing $72,000 in damages, or approximately $2 million adjusted for inflation. As Helen Parce DeLand wrote in her journal, “They hung wet blankets from the verandahs, then enveloped themselves in blankets ... they went up and down to a tank on the roof for water which they kept pouring on the flames whenever they blazed up. As the men became exhausted, others took their places, until the fire sank into ashes.” Ordinances were passed that discouraged any more wood buildings to be built, strictly brick. One of the biggest changes was that there were to be no more saloons in the city of DeLand.
Since then, downtown DeLand has been rebuilt (with brick) and the Wilcox Saloon has been replaced with a bar known as The Abbey. There is a plaque on the wall near the area where the actual Wilcox Saloon stood. It states:
"The Great Fire" occurred late at night on Sept. 27, 1886. It is thought to have started from a smouldering cigar igniting the sawdust on the floor of the Wilcox Saloon in this block. The buildings, constructed of pine, were instantly engulfed. The town had only two small chemical wagons and the water from tanks and cisterns to fight the blaze. Fire swept both sides of the Boulevard and by morning twenty-two buildings and thirty-three stores were in ashes. The city passed two ordinances: no future wood-frame buildings and no more saloons in downtown DeLand. The latter decree was lifted when prohibition was repealed in the 1930s.”.
After the fire, town rebounded quickly, even replacing the nearby community of Enterprise as the county seat in 1888.
Sources
Brotemarkle, Ben. "Florida Frontiers - Central Florida Pioneer Henry A. Deland." Florida Frontiers. October 30, 2014. Accessed February 24, 2018. https://myfloridahistory.org/frontiers/article/11.
"DeLand, FL Business Part Of Town Burns." Daily Nebraska State Journal (Lincoln, Nebraska), September 28, 1886. Accessed February 20, 2018. http://www.gendisasters.com/florida/6815/deland-fl-business-part-town-burns-sep-1886.
Kowsh, Kate. "Uncapping history: Downtown DeLand repair project unearths vintage bottles." The West Volusia Beacon. July 29, 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018. https://www.beacononlinenews.com/articles/2016/07/29/uncapping-history-downtown-deland-repair-projec....
Lane, Mark.
"Lane: 130 years ago fire reshaped DeLand." Daytona Beach News.
September 27, 2016. Accessed February 15, 2018. http://www.news-journalonline.com/news/20160927/lane-130-years-ago-fire-reshaped-deland.
Ryder, Karen. "Downtown Deland's Murals and Plaques." Visit West Volusia. 2016. Accessed February 15, 2018. http://visitwestvolusia.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Historic-Walks-Plaques.pdf.
Slatta, Richard. "Comparative Frontier Social Life: Western Saloons and Argentine Pulperias." Great Plains Quarterly 7, no. 3 (1987): 155-65. http://www.jstor.org.proxy.stetson.edu:2048/stable/23530990.
State Library and Archives of Florida. "Bittersweet: The Rise and Fall of the Citrus Industry in Florida." Florida Memory. Accessed February 28, 2018. https://www.floridamemory.com/photographiccollection/photo_exhibits/citrus/citrus2.php.
Thorp, Daniel B. "Taverns and Tavern Culture on the Southern Colonial Frontier: Rowan County, North Carolina, 1753-1776." The Journal of Southern History 62, no. 4 (1996): 661. doi:10.2307/2211137.
"Wilcox Saloon Historical Marker." Historical Marker Database. June 16, 2016. Accessed February 18, 2018. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=50003.
"Wilcox? That's a strange name for a cider..." Odd Elixir MeadWorks & Abbey Bar DeLand. January 20, 2016. Accessed February 18, 2018. http://www.oddelixir.com/lab-notes/2016/1/18/wilcox-thats-a-strange-name-for-a-cider.