In 1886, Henry Cady, a real estate agent, and his wife, Lucinda Cady, moved to Takoma Park in Washington, DC. At the time, the Takoma neighborhood was fairly small, and the Cadys wanted a home of their own in the park, so they called on architect Leon Dessez to design their home. Once the designs for the home were completed, construction was overseen by Frederick Dudley, and the house was completed in 1887. The Cadys lived comfortably in the house for years, but in 1906, Henry Cady died, leaving the home to Lucinda and their children. Not long after, Lucinda died in 1934, leaving the home to their eldest daughter, Mary Lee, a schoolteacher. She and her husband moved into the home and made numerous renovations to make it more up to date with modern conveniences. The Lees stayed in the home until Mary died in 1975.After Mary’s death, attempts were made to tear the Cady-Lee down, but members of the Takoma Park community rallied together to stop its demolition. Their efforts succeeded, and on May 28th, 1975, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Lucinda Cady House. From there, restoration efforts were made to revitalize the home, and in 2002, it was sold to the Forum for Youth Investment in order to use as office space for their nonprofit. As of today, the Forum for Youth Investment is still the Lucinda Cady House’s occupant.

A view of the Cady-Lee mansion from 2011, by Farragutful on Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

The Lucinda Cady House, known otherwise as Cady-Lee, is a famed historic house in the Takoma neighborhood of Washington, DC. Named after the mother and daughter who owned the house, Lucinda Cady, and Mary Lee, respectively, the Cady-Lee was a project of well-known Washington architect Leon Dessez and was one of the largest buildings in Takoma for a time. In 2002, the Forum for Youth Investment purchased the home, and it is currently used to house much of the organization’s offices. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in May of 1975.

Lucinda Cady House

Once within the city limits of Washington, DC, Silver Spring is now a suburb of the nation's capital. It began as a railroad-centered small town, growing as a bedroom community for DC workers after World War II. This tour highlights a variety of buildings and places of historical significance. For a walking tour in downtown Silver Spring, start with site #7.

The Lazenby family came to North America in 1701 with a large land grant from Charles Calvert, Third Lord Baltimore. In 1723, Robert Lazenby purchased a tract of land called "Wolf's Den" from William Beall, which measured 217 acres. He and his wife Ann Jones Lazenby had a son, Henry Lazenby II (1721-1789), who was named after Anne Arundel County High Sheriff Henry Lazenby (d. 1723). The younger Henry married Margaret F. Beall (1725-1821). He enlisted in the Prince George's County militia in 1748, and in 1760 purchased "Girl's Gift" tract near his father's land. He most likely began building Milimar on this land in the same year. Milimar's Georgian exterior is Flemish bond on the west-facing front facade with common bond brick on the other sides, with decorative patterns in the brick work. It is five bays long on the front. At the entrance of the property, two seven-foot-high stone gate posts hold a wooden gate on iron hinges. Each end of the house has a chimney. The single-story addition at the rear or east side of the house dates to several decades after the house's construction. Inside the home, the first floor of the original section contains two rooms separated by a central hallway. The central hall stairway turns at ninety degrees without a landing, and its wooden railing features natural "knee" curves. Fireplaces in the master bedroom and dining room are faced with locally-made soapstone. An elevated brick terrace wraps around the west and south sides of the house, edged with a double row of boxwood hedges separated by a dry moat. These large hedgerows are interesting examples of early American landscape design. A double row of spruces forms a windbreak along the north side of the structure. Homeowners Robert D. and Joyce Pullen Barendsen nominated Milimar to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and it was recognized in 1973. The house remains privately owned.

Construction of this home is believed to have begun in 1760 following the purchase by Henry Lazenby II of this land. Lazenby was the descendent of immigrants who arrived in Maryland at the very beginning of the century. Today, the two-and-a-half brick house remains one of the only remaining examples of mid-18th-century architecture in this area. The property is an example of an "upper-middle-class" home for the period, an era where large landowners built mansions while most colonists lived in log cabins, wood-frame homes, or other simple dwellings. Additionally, the home's boxwood hedges demonstrate landscape design contemporary to the period. The house has a Georgian facade oriented west. The National Register of Historic Places recognized the house in 1973. The property is privately owned.

Milimar

Rachel Carson was born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, about 20 miles northeast of Pittsburgh, in 1907. Her birthplace, the Rachel Carson Homestead, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. She attended the Pennsylvania College for Women (now Chatham University) initially as an English major but changed to biology in 1928 and graduated the next year. She then went on to graduate school at Johns Hopkins and earned a Master of Science degree in genetics and zoology. She taught at Johns Hopkins and the University of Maryland after graduating. In 1936, Carson began working for the Bureau of Fisheries, which became part of the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1940. Because of her background in English, she was tasked with writing scientific pamphlets for the public and gradually began to work her way up the bureau’s hierarchy. By 1944 she was the editor-in-chief of all department publications. Carson began her writing career while employed by the Bureau when she completed the first two volumes of her three-volume natural history of the ocean. Carson completed “Under the Sea-Wind” in 1941 and “The Sea Around Us” in 1951. The next year, she retired from government service and bought a seaside cottage in Southport, Maine. While there, she conducted original research into tidal pool ecologies for her third book, “The Edge of the Sea,” published in 1955.In 1956, Carson decided to move to Silver Spring, Maryland and designed her own modest home on the land she purchased. The typical, brick ranch-style home was sheltered by a low-pitched gable roof with asphalt shingles. The home’s living room, kitchen, dining room, bedrooms and Carson’s study were all located on the dwelling’s single floor. The basement was partially finished and contained an additional bedroom, bath and multi-purpose room. Carson landscaped the area around her home with what she termed a “woody section” that contained evergreens, spruce, hemlock and white pine. She also added azaleas and daffodils for color.While at the Bureau of Fisheries, Carson came into contact with reports on the new synthetic pesticides and their use during and after World War II, to include DDT, an organochlorine insecticide. Swiss chemist Paul Müller won the Noble Prize in 1948 for discovering DDT’s efficacy as an insecticide. By the end of World War II, DDT and other pesticides were available to consumers and were used indiscriminately by the Agricultural Department, farmers, and homeowners. Synthetic pesticides and herbicides were used in aerial spraying and not only killed weeds and insects, but the animals who ate those insects and plants, especially birds, working its way up the food chain. In the years reading those Fisheries’ reports, Carson came to realize the magnitude of the problem. This was her impetus to write “Silent Spring.”In 1958, in this nondescript house, Carson began researching for and writing “Silent Spring.” In it, she described how the overuse of pesticides and herbicides affected other creatures. “Silent Spring” was published in 1962, first in serial form in The New Yorker, then as a book later that year. After publication, chemical companies, such as DuPont, sought to discredit her and threatened lawsuits. She was referred to as a “…hysterical woman who wanted to turn the earth over to the insects.” Despite this, “Silent Spring” went on to influence and promote modern environmentalism. President Kennedy created the Presidential Science Advisory Committee to investigate Carson’s claims. The committee verified all her claims. “Silent Spring” went on to sell over 600,000 copies in 1962 alone and was a catalyst for the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970.Rachel Carson died of cancer in 1964, just two years after the publication of “Silent Spring.” Her home in Silver Spring was sold to a private owner and was eventually acquired by the Rachel Carson Landmark Alliance which is “dedicated to developing educational information and intergenerational initiatives for public participation that reflect Rachel Carson’s ecological legacy and her courageous life in conjunction with the house where she wrote “Silent Spring.” The RCLA occasionally opens the house for tours and special events. Please call or visit their website for date and times.

This home is where the famed ecologist, naturalist, and author Rachel Carson wrote the influential book “Silent Spring." The book was published in 1962 and helped to spread the modern environmentalist movement. Designed by Carson herself, the unassuming ranch-style house was her home from 1956 until her death in 1964. The house and surrounding landscape have been little altered since Carson’s death and it currently houses the headquarters and library of the Rachel Carson Landmark Alliance (RCLA). This nonprofit organization is dedicated to promoting Carson’s values and legacy. The RCLA occasionally opens the house and grounds for tours and special events. The Rachel Carson House was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991 for its association with Carson and “Silent Spring.”

Rachel Carson House and Rachel Carson Landmark Alliance 

These five homes were built by John Joseph Earley in 1934 and 1935. Earley used precast concrete panels with brightly colored aggregate to produce the polychrome effect, with Art Deco details such as chevrons along friezes. Early's process stripped the concrete to reveal the colorful aggregate stone composing the panel. The concrete panels are decorative rather than load-bearing. Earley was interested in the use of mass-production to produce small, inexpensive houses. Two of the polychrome houses (9900 and 9904 Colesville Road) stand on Colesville Road and are each one story. Earley designed one of them in collaboration with architect J. R. Kennedy. Each of the three houses on Sutherland Road (9919, 9923, and 9925 Sutherland Road) is two stories with an attached carport. They are identical in design and floor plan, only differing in color. The houses have served as single-family homes continuously since their construction, with few renovations. The National Register of Historic Places recognized the five houses as a historic district in 1995.

The Polychrome Historic District consists of five Art Deco style houses designed by John Joseph Earley in 1935 and 1935. These single-family homes utilize a stripped concrete technique for their cladding which reveals the colors of the concrete's stone in a mosaic effect. Earley sought to develop innovative building techniques that would allow the construction of small, inexpensive homes during the Great Depression.

Polychrome Historic District

Before development into a resort, this land was a forest and a tobacco plantation. In 1887, T. F. Schneider designed Ye Forest Inne. The resort was unsuccessful; in 1894, John and Vesta Cassedy rented and then acquired the property to build a finishing school for upper-class girls. The Chicago World's Fair inspired the architecture of the buildings, which echoed a variety of styles -- a Swiss chalet and a pagoda, for example.Dr. James E. Ament took over the school in 1916 and expanded the campus. The school's heyday lasted the first few decades of the twentieth century, with students from such wealthy families as the Maytags, Krafts, Hersheys, and Chryslers. Dr. Roy Tasco purchased the school in 1937, introducing a business curriculum and renaming it National Park College. The War Powers Act compelled the sale of the school to the Army during World War II. The Army used the campus as an annex to Walter Reed Hospital and housed amputees there. The Army continued to treat wounded soldiers there during the Korean and Vietnam wars, until 1978. Additionally, the campus was a site of animal research. During its occupancy of the campus, the Army tore down some of the buildings and removed or painted over some of the interior details. The Maryland Historic Trust succeeded in placing the National Park Seminary Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The Save Our Seminary association prevented the Army from tearing down the campus, but arson destroyed one building in 1993. A decade later, a developer stepped in to convert the buildings into private homes. Visitors can go on a self-guided walking tour of the campus, though not into the buildings. The Save Our Seminary association also gives monthly tours that include some interiors.

In less than 150 years, this collection of buildings has served many purposes. In 1887, the tourist resort Ye Forest Inn opened. A few years later, the development became National Park Seminary, a finishing school for upper-class girls. The campus took inspiration from plans for the Chicago World's Fair, with buildings based on many types of architecture. The school declined by the Great Depression and became a hospital for wounded soldiers for the next several decades. The Army intended to demolish the decaying campus, but the Save Our Seminary association stopped these plans. A developer converted the buildings into private homes in 2003.

National Park Seminary

In 1862, during the heat of the American Civil War, the Surgeon General William Hammond opted to establish the Army Medical Museum in order to promote further understanding of military medicine. Around the time of the Museum’s founding, Museum staff went around to battlefields with the mission of collecting “samples” from the battlefields themselves, as well as from Union Army doctors, for research in surgery and other medical purposes. Additionally, staff would take photographs in order to document the effects of military wounds, such as gunshot wounds, as well as military medical procedures, such as amputations. The work done by the Museum in the Civil War was ultimately made into a six-volume set called The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion.After their work in the Civil War, the Army Medical Museum took to furthering their research in the 19th and 20th centuries, accomplishing such feats as discerning the cause of yellow fever, contributing to efforts against typhoid fever and STDs, and creating a library and system of cataloguing that served as the starting point for the National Library of Medicine. The Museum came to focus more on pathology around World War II, and in 1946, it was made into a division of the Army Institute of Pathology. The Museum underwent a number of name changes over the next four decades, ultimately becoming the National Museum of Health and Medicine in 1989. Today, the Museum continues to focus on researching advances in medicine, as well as focusing on educating the public through their many exhibits.The NMHM embodies five collections consisting of about 25 million artifacts, including 5,000 skeletal specimens, 8,000 preserved organs,12,000 items of medical equipment, an archive of historic medical documents, and collections related to neuroanatomy and developmental anatomy. The museum's most famous artifacts relate to the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.

In the midst of the American Civil War, the National Museum of Health and Medicine was founded as the Army Medical Museum in order to house specimens for use in army medicine and surgery research. The Museum always held a focus on research, and its topics of research continually branched out over the years. Today, the Museum still conducts research and is home to numerous exhibits on pathology, anatomy, the advancement of military medicine, and other exhibits dedicated to advancing public understanding of military medicine.

National Museum of Health and Medicine

On July 16, 1790 (amended March 3, 1791), the Residence Act granted President George Washington authorization to choose a 100-square-mile plot of land to serve as the nation's capitol. It was to be located on the Potomac River, between the cities of Alexandria, Virginia and Williamsport, Maryland. Washington selected the southernmost location, which encompassed what is now Old Town Alexandria and a busy port. Once Washington has chosen the site, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson instructed Major Andrew Ellicott, a prominent surveyor, to begin demarcating the 10-mile square of the city limits. Work on the project began February 11, 1791. Ellicott hired the Maryland astronomer and surveyor, Benjamin Banneker, to provide the astronomical observations and calculations needed to fix the south corner. The Masonic Lodge of Alexandria, Virginia commemorated the completion of the initial survey on April 15th by placing a small, ceremonial stone at the southernmost location. The marker stones were quarried from Aquia Creek, Virginia and weighed approximately half a ton. The cornerstones were larger than the intermediate stones. Each of the markers are separated by about one-mile, with those placed more than a mile apart featuring an additional marking indicating the extra distance. On the side facing D.C. territory is the mile number and the inscription, "Jurisdiction of the United States." The opposite face features the name of the state the stone borders. The other sides state the magnetic variance of their location and the year the stone was set in place. Thirty-six of the marker stones are still in situ, or close to their original location. Many of them are extremely weathered, as they were constructed from relatively soft sandstone. The North Corner Boundary Marker of the Original District of Columbia is still extant and marks the northernmost point of Washington, D.C. It lies on the 1880 block of East-West Highway (south side); between Washington, D.C. and Montgomery County, Maryland; and indicates the border between the two regions. In 2011, the District of Columbia geographic information system (G.I.S.) program used Global Positioning and contemporary survey technology to validate the efforts of Ellicott's team. It found that the historical surveying effort had been conducted with a high level of accuracy. Owing to the historical significance of these markers, this stone was among those added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 1, 1996.

The Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia mark the four lines which form the boundaries between Maryland and Virginia, and the 100 square miles of federal territory that became Washington, D.C. The markers were placed by a survey team led by Major Andrew Ellicott between 1791 and 1792. Thirty-six of the original marker stones are still extant and are the oldest federally-placed monuments in the country. The North Corner Boundary Marker marks the furthest north point of the District of Columbia.

District of Columbia North Cornerstone

The U.S. Postal Service first operated mail service in Silver Spring in 1899. This Georgian Revival-style building opened on March 1, 1937, and was the first federal building in Montgomery County. U.S. Treasury Department's Section of Painting and Sculpture, part of the New Deal, funded a program to produce artwork with historical narratives in new post offices. In the Silver Spring Post Office, Nicolai Cikovsky created "The Old Tavern," an oil and canvas mural depicting Union soldiers picking up their mail at the Eagle Inn, which had once stood nearby. In researching the mural, Cikovsky interviewed former senator Blair Lee about growing up in this community, which had been called Sligo when he was born there in 1857. Workers installed the mural, which measures 5' 8" x 15' 11", in December 1937. Notably, the mural depicts an African-American soldier. The artist intended the soldier to symbolize the 209,000 African-American soldiers who fought in the Union Army as well as the outcomes toward racial equality of the Civil War. When the USPS moved out of the building in 1981, the Silver Spring Historical Society removed the mural. The Friends of the Silver Spring Library raised money to conserve it, and the library rededicated the mural in its own building in 1997. The building is now commercial space. For the centennial of the establishment of the Silver Spring post office in 1999, a postmark cancellation was released which depicted the former post office building. The Silver Spring Historical Society placed a marker outside the former post office in 2009 as part of the building's inclusion in the society's heritage trail.

The U. S. Postal Service constructed this Georgian-Revival style post office in 1936-1937. It was not the first post office in Silver Spring, but this structure was the first federal building constructed in Montgomery County. Within the post office was the WPA-funded mural "The Old Tavern" by Russian immigrant Nicolai Cikovsky, one of a series of post office murals executed throughout the country. These murals depicted American and regional history, and often hung over the doors of the postmasters' offices. The United States Postal Service operated from this building from its opening in 1937 until 1981, when it left the building. The conserved mural now hangs in the Silver Spring Library.

Historic Silver Spring Post Office

The Baltimore &amp; Ohio (B&amp;O) Railroad began operations in 1873. In 1878, the railroad opened the Silver Spring station on this site. Washington Post editor Francis Preston Blair had convinced the company to lay tracks near his property, after which the train depot was named, rather than along a proposed path further west. E. Francis Baldwin designed the original station, an ornate structure erected in 1878. For several decades, the station was a stop for commuter trains. Silver Spring was originally a small town centered around the railroad, but gained popularity as a bedroom community for DC workers in the years after World War I. The rise in automobile use paired with increased commuter train service to the area. In 1936, the B&amp;O Railroad established a stop for all passenger trains at Silver Spring. The original Victorian train depot was demolished in 1945 to build the current structure in the Colonial Revival style. The style gained popularity after World War II as it was identified with patriotism, and this station was built according to standardized B&amp;O station plans. In keeping with the Colonial Revival style, the station exterior has a slate hipped roof, fan-light dormers, and granite window sills. It is the only twentieth-century railroad standing in Montgomery County, and only one of two remaining twentieth-century B&amp;O stations in the state of Maryland. The station contained a waiting room and a baggage room, with a ticket office in between them. The original waiting room furniture -- vinyl-covered seats with chrome frames -- remained in the station at least until 2000. The interior of the station features terrazzo floors and terra cotta block wainscot. The building also includes an office for the station agent, men's and women's restrooms, the original stone-walled basement from the 1878 structure, and an attic. A pedestrian tunnel underneath the tracks allows for the safe crossing to either side of the tracks. The nearby Canada Dry bottling plant was sited near the tracks in 1946. The station featured a pedestrian tunnel that allowed passengers to safely reach both sides of the tracks. Amtrak assumed control of passenger service in 1971. In the early 1980s, Amtrak discontinued its service and the B&amp;O, followed by Maryland Area Regional Commuter train service, provided commuter trains. Passenger travel operated out of the station from 1945 to 1997, when a car crashed into the building and damaged it. The National Register of Historic Places recognized the station building in 2000. Montgomery Preservation owns and maintains the building

The path of the B&O Railroad's Metropolitan branch assisted in the development of Silver Spring as a suburb. Agricultural products could travel easily from Montgomery County all over the region along this rail line. The original Silver Spring station was built in 1878, five years after the railroad began operations. The current Colonial Revival building at the site dates to 1945 and is a standard B&O design. In addition to the B&O, Amtrak and Maryland Area Regional Commuter service have operated out of this station. Passenger service ended here in 1997, with a new station being built slightly to the northwest. Montgomery Preservation now owns and preserves the station.

Silver Spring B&O Station

In 1840, Francis Preston Blair, Sr. (1791-1876) found a spring containing mica particles while riding his horse, Selim. With his wife Eliza he Eliza purchased the spot and hundreds of acres for a country estate, which he named Silver Spring after this waterway. Blair, editor of The Globe newspaper, was also a political adviser, serving 12 presidents. He was a friend of seventh president Andrew Jackson. In the 1850s, Blair commissioned Benjamin C. King to build an acorn-shaped gazebo overlooking the original spring. The acorn symbolized the oak tree where Blair had proposed to Eliza. He also marked the spot with a grotto, a nymph statue, and a stone slab from the quarry of Alfred Ray.Silver Spring, Maryland, is an unincorporated Montgomery County community named for Blair's estate.In 1942, the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission acquired the .12-acre triangle of land for the park, seeking to protect the spring from the expansion of Newell Street. Four years later, it moved the gazebo a short distance from its original location north of Kennett Street so that it would be nearer to the spring. The park features a redesigned grotto area with the gazebo and spring, dedicated in 1955. That same year, the original Silver Spring house was demolished.The park is also the home of a mural depicting Silver Spring history. Installed to mitigate the impacts of new development in the 1990s, the Silver Spring Memory Wall depicts five buildings and points in time. Washington artist Mame Cohalon (1939-2020) designed and painted the murals on the exterior of a new Caldor department store building next to the park. The Montgomery County Planning Commission has jurisdiction over the murals through an easement created when the Caldor building was approved. The murals have been criticized for whitewashing Silver Spring history by showing African Americans in public spaces that once were rigidly segregated.

An acorn-shaped gazebo sits in this small park, all that remains of the large Silver Spring plantation for which unincorporated Silver Spring is named. Newspaper editor Francis Preston Blair, Sr. commissioned Benjamin C. King to build this gazebo in the 1850s. The gazebo marked the location of the original "silver spring," a waterway flecked with mica that Blair has come across in 1840. The acorn shape is a symbol of the oak tree where Blair proposed to his wife Eliza. The park is all that remains of the estate, and the gazebo was moved a short distance from its original location in 1946.

Acorn Park

Canada Dry began operations in the late nineteenth century and opened its first plant int he U.S. in 1921 in Manhattan. William Monroe Cory designed a series of plants for Canada Dry in the mid 1940s, adapting his main design for local constructions. The Silver Spring opened in 1946 along a developing industrial boulevard in downtown Silver Spring, and it adjoined the B&amp;O Railroad tracks to facilitate shipping. Built in the Streamline Moderne style, the plant has a steel frame construction with concrete decks and exposed wood planking. Multiple glazing techniques were used throughout the administrative structure, notably in the large glass blocks making up the lobby's rotunda window. The company repeated Cory's design as a marketing tool; modern design, the visibility of beverage production by the public, and a focus on sanitary conditions all became elements of the brand. Canada Dry operated here from 1946 to 1995, after which it was used as warehouse space. Eventually AT&amp;T purchased the plant to use as a switching station in 1999, but before long economic downturn led to the building being sold again. JGB Properties bought the building for adaptive reuse as residential property. The lobby and Canada Dry "crown" remains thanks largely to the efforts of the Silver Spring Historical Society whose members spearheaded an effort to preserve parts of the structure given their architectural significance. In the administrative building, the landmark red lit "Canada Dry" sign, the ginger-colored glass tiles, terrazzo floors, and the lobby rotunda were all important features of the structure. The Montgomery County Historic Preservation Commission recommended the plant's designation as a twentieth century industrial resource. The county Planning Board approved preservation only for the central portion of the structure. Parts of the structure outside this portion were demolished in the early 2000s. In 2003-2004, the American Historic Engineering Record documented both structures, and these records reside in the Library of Congress.

The architect of this building, Walter Monroe Cory, believed that factories could be beautiful. The Canada Dry ginger ale bottling plant, erected in 1946, reflects this vision and the Streamline Moderne style of architecture. It was also part of an industrial boom in Silver Spring. The plant originally consisted of a two-story administrative building, which still stands, and a one-story bottling plant that was demolished. Though the business vacated the site in 1995, the Historic American Engineering Record documented the structure in 2003 and the former administrative structure now houses the Silverton Condominiums.

Canada Dry Bottling Plant (1946-1995) 

This house is significant to my historical figure, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar because he purchased donated this house to members of his religion. Kareem was a strong advocate for his religion and was very devoted to it. As a child he grew up catholic but as he grew older converted to Islam. Jabbar's birth name is Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr. but when he converted to Islam, he changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The leader of his religion, Hamaas Abdul Khaalis would be the one to name him.The day the massacre took place, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was in Milwaukee. Members of the Black Mafia are the ones to blame for the murders of Hamaas Abdul Khaalis immediate family members. Originally, the Black Mafia were coming to kill and rob Hamaas but instead ran into his family members instead. Hamaas was out of the house that day. The feud between Elijah Muhammad and Hamaas Abdul Khaalis started because of a letter Khaalis sent that attacked Muhammad and the way he taught his beliefs and teachings.When the Black mafia got to the house they pretended to use Hamaas book that he wrote to enter the home and eventually start killing the family. Inside the home was Hamaas' wife Bibi, His daughter Amina, his son Daud and Rahmanu- Deen, and Abdullah his just born grandson. Along with that, three infants were drowned to death as well. The only survivors of this massacre were his wife and his daughter.Bibi and Amina (Hamaas wife and daughter) survived the massacre with multiple gun shot wounds. Amina was taken upstairs and forced to kneel in a closet while she got shot in the head. When they realized she did not die they shot her two more times in the head, she survived and pretended to be dead till they left. Along with Amina, Bibi was shot in the head and survived. Amina and Bibi watched their family members get killed.This traumatic event took a toll on Amina and Hamaas mentally. Amina has flashbacks of seeing the bloody bodies of her family members as she witnessed they deaths. Amina had to be escorted out of the house by security where the murders happened. Since this tragedy happened she struggles to do things everyday in her life and it is hard to cope. Along with Amina, Hamaas was not the only one that this took a toll on.Due to this event occurring, Hamaas grew to be very angry. Only five of the seven murderers received life sentence while the other two walked away free. Hamaas was very angered by this and went on a rage and this caused "the Siege" to happen. Hamaas and his helpers took 149 people and held them hostage, this all happened because his family did not get the justice they deserved. Eventually he made a deal with the police and let them go. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar looked up to Hamaas and the religion, after all, Hamaas was the one that taught him everything. A lot of people including Kareem Abdul-Jabbar thought he was going to be killed which cause him to be on the run for awhile.

Kareem Abdul Jabbar's townhouse located at 7700 16th St. N.W. Washington, was donated to his Muslim religion. It was called the "Hanafi Muslim Center". This house was the place where the Hanafi Massacre took place in 1973. Inside the house several people will lose their life to a brutal murder held by members of the Black mafia. Intended to be killed and robbed was Hamaas Abdul Khaalis but was not there that day. Although, Jabbar was not in the house while this took place, many members of his religion family were. After this tragedy, Kareem had high security due to death threats from being apart of his religion, but he held his ground and stood up for his religion no matter the circumstances. 

Hanafi Religious House

Fort Stevens originally was commissioned in 1861. As the Union began to mobilize for the war, defense Fortifications were much needed around the otherwise vulnerable Union Capitol. It was originally named Fort Massachusetts since it was built by servicemen who mostly from there. It got its new name from the Union Brigadier Isaac Stevens, who would fall at the Battle of Ox Hill in Chantilly, Virginia in 1862. Before the war ended, Fort Stevens itself would see a Battle come to its doorstep.              The Battle began in mid-1864, when General Ulysses Grant departed from Washington with additional troops for his campaign into Southern Virginia. This, however, made Washington, more vulnerable to attack. Confederate General Robert E. Lee did not waste this opportunity and sent Jubal A. Early (one of his inferior generals) to coordinate an attack. General Early took 20,000 troops and had them march into Maryland where he struck Union forces at Monocracy near Frederick, Maryland. Early managed to make it to Fort Stevens, where almost managed to take it down, however Union forces were able to hold him off. President Lincoln visited during to battle where he had exposed himself to danger, where General Early would recall that he “we didn’t take Washington, scared the hell out of Old Abe.”               Today Fort Stevens is a federal park open to the public. While the actual Fort has only been partially restored, there are monuments and cannons up to remember what took place here. It is also renound for hiking and biking as well as other recreational activities. It is site where those who want recreational activity as well as those who want to learn more about the wartime defenses of Washington D.C. can go. More importantly, than all that it stands as a reminder of how vulnerable the Union Army still was in the waning years of the American Civil War.

Fort Stevens is located in Washington, D.C. at 13th Street and Quacenbons. It is the site of a skirmish between Union and Confederate Forces during the American Civil War. Its significance would be that it would become the only battle where Confederate Forces had managed to bring the war to the District which was then the Union Capital. While often not known as well as other major battles such as Antietam (Sharpsburg, Maryland) or Bull Run (Manassas, Virginia) it holds great significance to the Civil War Heritage of Washington D.C. In fact, President’ Lincoln’s Visit would become the most significant event to occur during the battle. 

Silver Spring Driving Tour

Lucinda Cady House

Introduction

Images

Backstory and Context

Sources