Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore founded Intel in 1968, and produced the world's first metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) static RAM&nbsp;in 1969. Intel also release it's first product in 1969, the 3101 Schottky bipolar random access memory (RAM). In 1970 Intel started it's dealing with memory processors with the 1103 DRAM. In 1971 Intel produced the first microporcessor from the company, the 4004. From this point on, Intel started produced faster, better, and more personal products for their consumers. From Intel's many accomplishments with microprocessors, Bob Noyce received the National&nbsp;Medal of Science in 1979.<br>The Intel Museum displays all of the company's accomplishments, and provides detailed information for each exhibit. There is a lot to take in at the museum, and scheduled tours are available to ensure you get the most out of your visit.&nbsp;

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The Intel  Museum is displays the history of the Intel company and semiconductor history, and is located in the Intel Headquarters. The museum was created in 1980, but was not opened to the public until 1992.

Intel Museum

This tour includes stops at museums, historic markers, and landmarks related to the history of Silicon Valley. Highlights include the famed garages where Apple Computers and Hewlett-Packard began, the Tech Museum of Innovation, and the Google campus. The tour concludes at a restaurant and bar known as the "Cheers" of Silicon Valley.

Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett had&nbsp;met when both young men were engineering students of Dr.
Frederick Terman at Stanford University. <span>Dr. Terman encouraged his students to utilize their
skills locally,&nbsp;in California, rather than for the big companies on the east coast, which at that time (the 1930s)&nbsp;did most of the hiring of engineering graduates. Nevertheless, a<span>fter graduation Dave Packard got a job on the east coast (in Schenectady, New York)
for General Electric. However, he kept in touch with Hewlett, and in 1937 discussed with him the possibility of their going into business together. <span>Dr. Terman, in&nbsp;the following year,&nbsp;got Packard a job at Stanford, and
the latter took a leave of absence from G.E. and moved back west with his new wife, Lucile.&nbsp;<br><br>Meanwhile, Hewlett&nbsp;discovered the property at 367
Addison, and was attracted to it because it had a garage, which measured 12 by 18 feet and included&nbsp;a workbench,&nbsp;that he and Packard
could use as a workshop.&nbsp;The house had been built in 1905 by Dr. John C. Spencer, and the garage had existed since at least 1924, when it was first listed in insurance records. (The Santa Clara Valley&nbsp;was mostly an agricultural area when Packard and Hewlett started working there.) The rent was a very&nbsp;affordable $45 a month. The Packards lived in the two-story house and Hewlett in a small shed on the property.&nbsp;</span><span>Lucile Packard did the correspondence and
bookkeeping for the company in the house, while the men worked in the garage. <span>The team&nbsp;designed a number of products, including
for a hospital and even&nbsp;a bowling alley.&nbsp;<br><br></span></span></span></span>With Dr. Terman’s encouragement, they developed a
variable frequency oscillator, which measures sound frequencies, by Christmas
1938, calling it&nbsp;the Model 200A. At the same time, they produced another model, the&nbsp;200B
oscillator, and created a brochure to market it to 25 potential customers. An engineer at the Walt Disney Company became interested and, needing oscillators for the release of&nbsp;Disney's classic animated film, <i>Fantasia</i>,&nbsp;the company&nbsp;purchased eight<span>&nbsp;units of Model 200B: the partners' first major sale.&nbsp;In January, 1939, Packard quit G.E. and the pair formalized their
partnership, deciding on the name “Hewlett-Packard” on a coin toss that, one
presumes, Hewlett won. In their first year of operation, with two employees, the company
produced 200 oscillators, which they produced entirely themselves,&nbsp;except for the enclosing
cabinets and engraving. By early 1940, the company had outgrown its cramped&nbsp;workshop and moved to other quarters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br></span>It was in the postwar period that Dr. Terman,
Hewlett’s and Packard’s former professor and mentor, laid the foundation for the valley region
as a high technology center, with Stanford University as its core, <span>creating the first high-tech industrial research
park near the campus. In 1953, Hewlett and Packard moved their still
relatively new company to the Stanford Research Park. The team then helped promote the park. Silicon Valley is now home&nbsp;to over 4500
high-tech organizations, largely thanks to HP’s pioneering work and reputation. In 1989, when the site at 367 Addison was officially dedicated
as the "Birthplace of Silicon Valley,” both Packard and Hewlett were present
for the dedication ceremony. <br><br></span>The entire property – house, garage and shed –
was purchased in 2000 by HP for $1.7 million.&nbsp;With the cooperation of the City of Palo Alto,&nbsp;a complete rehabilitation of the property was begun in 2005 by HP, which restored its original
appearance and architectural integrity. The single-story rectangular garage, located at
the west corner of the property, is topped by a single gabled roof with a broad
eave.&nbsp;The framing of the walls and roof are exposed,
and the floor is a concrete slab.&nbsp;Deteriorating shingles were replaced with new
shingles.&nbsp;A plaque in front of the garage identifies it as the "Birthplace of Silicon Valley.”&nbsp;Because it is located in a quiet residential
neighborhood near Stanford University, the garage and house are not open to
tours, but they can be viewed and photographed from the street.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>The garage, as well as the house and shed on the property, are undistinguished architecturally.&nbsp;The property’s only significance is as the
historical start of a major corporation and of the phenomenon of “Silicon
Valley.” According to Paul Lusignan, a historian with the
National Register of Historic Places in Washington, “The significance of the
garage and the house is more associated with the entrepreneurial spirit in
which it was developed.”&nbsp;As an article in Fortune magazine in 1974
states, “Whenever local high-technology leaders discuss the beginnings of
Silicon Valley, the garage is noted as the place 'where it all began.’”&nbsp;<br>

The famed “HP Garage,” as well as the adjoining two-story house and shed, were the birthplace of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP), and of Silicon Valley as a center of high-tech innovation. William “Bill” Hewlett and David “Dave” Packard, who had both been students of Prof. Frederick Terman (later known as "The Father of Silicon Valley"), worked at the property between 1938 and 1940. The two men started out with $538 in working capital, including a used drill press that Packard had brought west with him. In their first major success, they sold eight units of a variable frequency oscillator they had developed to the Walt Disney Company, which needed them for the rollout of its animated classic, Fantasia. Today, HP is a Fortune 500 company with billions of dollars in annual revenues. The property at 367 Addison was the company’s headquarters until 1940, by which time the company had outgrown the original site and moved elsewhere. 

The property was registered as California Registered Landmark No. 976 in August 1987 and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. 


HP Garage

<div>In 1953 the MIT faculty had begun to understand the importance of transistors. Noyce, a grad student at the time, went to work for Philco in Philadelphia, who was deeply involved in semiconductor research. However, Noyce remained interested in the work accomplished at Bell Labs and that of William Shockley. That relationship sent Noyce on a path to his own company, where he helped invent a chip that spurred the technological revolution and the creation of Silicon Valley, which had a profound effect on the world's technology, culture and environment.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>As early as 1939, Shockley had developed the theory and framework for research into solid-state semiconductors, but he had also originated the junction transistor, which allowed for the device to become a usable item. By 1955 Shockley had left Bell and returned to Palo Alto, California to start his own Semiconductor Laboratory company, with start-up money provided by Arnold Beckman of Beckman Instruments. Aside from clerical and maintenance personnel, most of the employees consisted of electrical engineers with doctorates; Noyce joined the company in 1956.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Later that year, Shockley was informed that he had won the Nobel Prize in Physics on November 1, 1956, for the invention of the transistor.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>The award proved to be a testament to Shockley's ability as a physicist and engineer but managing young Ph.Ds proved to be a daunting task for the Nobel winner; they also wanted to achieve goals that might one day result in their own Nobel awards, including Noyce. Some of the young physicists also found Shockey's management style unsatisfying. But, the real tipping point for Noyce involved a difference in idea; Shockley wanted to pursue research into the development of a four-layer diode whereas Noyce, along with Gordon Moore and Jean Hoerni, remained focused on transistors. Noyce had been introduced to the transistor not by Shockley but by John Bardeen, via Grant Gale, back in Noyce's hometown of Grinnell, Iowa.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>In the summer of 1957 Moore, Hoerni, and five other engineers sought to develop a new business venture, one that had a profound effect on the work environment of Silicon Valley for decades to come, but also throughout the country, if not the world. Rather than invest in a traditional factory-style plant with all its costs, they realized they only needed a building big enough for worktables, a few kilns, and items such as goggles, microscopes, and small tools.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Although Noyce resisted joining early on, the seven convinced Noyce, then twenty-nine years old, to join as its administrator. Rather than managing in the traditional sense, he wore lab coats (instead of a suit and tie) and coordinated with teams. The freedom to create proved paramount in the work environment.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Fairchild Camera and Instrument gave the defectors the money to start up the new company, Fairchild Semiconductor, with the understanding that Fairchild Carnera and Instrument would have the right to buy Fairchild Semiconductor for $3 million at any time within the next eight years.</div><div><br></div><div>Noyce, Gordon Moore, Jean Hoerni and the other five defectors set up Fairchild Semiconductor in a two-story warehouse building some speculator had built out of tilt-up concrete slabs on Charleston Avenue in Mountain View, the northern end of the Santa Clara Valley, about a 1.25 miles from Shockley's operation.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>The valley already boasted of companies such as General Electric, IBM, a newly created Hewlett-Packard. Moreover, Stanford University had begun encouraging engineering concerns to locate near Palo Alto and use the university's research facilities.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>IBM had a facility in the valley that was devoted specifically to research rather than production. Both IBM and Hewlett-Packard were trying to develop computers. Shockley had been the first entrepreneur to come to the area to make semiconductors. However, the defections spelled the end for his project, leaving the field to Noyce and the others at Fairchild.</div><div><br></div><div>The impending space race between the USSR and USA boasted Fairchild's chances of success; a growing need for transistors and computers quickly materialized because old vacuum technology proved to be insufficient. The race was on to manufacture the best possible transistors and computers, both at Fairchild and around the country at places like Motorola and Raytheon.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Noyce had figured out a solution that genuinely changed history; he figured how to integrate transistor technology with the use of silicon, removing the need for wires, thus creating an entire electrical system and circuity on a wafer or chip. &nbsp;However, it also came to be that Texas Instruments (TI) had also developed the same theory. In fact, Jack Kilby at TI designed the first chip model, but Noyce's invention proved to be more efficient and viewed as superior. <br><br>Over time, TI actually proved more economically successful as it continue to develop chip technology. Noyce&nbsp;stayed with Fairchild until 1968, when he left with Gordon Moore to found Intel.&nbsp; There, he helped oversee the&nbsp;invention of the microprocessor. And with that invention, the world of computers and eventually the 21st Century reliance on everything from smartphones to military technology emerged; the age of the computer was at hand. <br><br>The development of Silicon Valley also evolved as a result of Noyce's work, with companies like Apple and Google serving as the modern-day versions of Standard Oil and Union Pacific Railroad.&nbsp; And. just as the Gilded Age had its many negatives, the Computer Age also has harmful byproducts, including the fact that Silicon Valley is now home to more toxic Superfund sites than anywhere else in the country. The chemicals used in cleaning chips have adversely affected the soil and water in ways that may last for centuries.&nbsp;<br></div><div><br>On the other hand,&nbsp;<span>Noyce also introduced the casual working atmosphere that not only became a staple of Silicon Valley industries, but reverberated throughout the country -- and eventually the world. The combination of new management styles and technology moved many corporations away from the standard management tree and reliance on large brick and mortar business hubs, allowing employees more freedom to create, including working in locations not away from the office.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><br>Appropriately this historical marker was financed by Intel, where Noyce had moved to in 1968 after leaving Fairchild.&nbsp;

This was the site of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation where engineer Robert Noyce explored the concept of using tiny wires to connect transistors within layers of silicon to create an integrated circuit that could be produced efficiently and on scale for commercial applications. Noyce built upon the work of others devising a silicon "chip" that held multiple circuit. The innovation led to the rise of the semiconductor electronics industry in the region. Today, integrated circuits are commonly referred to as "silicon chips" and found in nearly every electronic device. 

The Birth of Silicon Valley: First Commercially Practicable Integrated Circuit

<div><div><p>So what is the story behind the Android Dessert Garden? Why desserts?&nbsp; It all goes back to 2005 when Google purchased Android for $50 million.&nbsp;&nbsp; Android is the maker of one of the world’s largest mobile operating systems. &nbsp; Each update to the operating system gets named after a different dessert, in alphabetical order starting with Cake, then Donut, continuing on until the most recent, Nougat1&nbsp;. &nbsp;1&nbsp;</p><p>The statues all uniquely incorporate Android's signature green alien with the sweet that the most recent operating system has been named after. &nbsp; Since 2009 when Android introduced the Cupcake operating&nbsp;system, there has been a total of thirteen different statues added: Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, Kit Kat, Lollipop, Marshmallow, and Nougat.&nbsp;Is there a reason for this pattern<span>, why did they choose to name the systems after desserts?&nbsp; <em>“‘It’s kind of like an internal team thing, and we prefer to be a little bit — how should I say — a bit inscrutable in the matter, I’ll say,’ said Randall Sarafa, a Google spokesman. ‘The obvious thing is that, yeah, the Android platform releases, they go by dessert names and by alphabetical order for the most part.’” 2</em></span></p>


















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Nestled in the Googleplex campus, the headquarters of Google, is a collection of dessert-themed alien statues known as The Android Garden. The Android Garden is made up of 13 large plastic Android statues, each representing a different operating system.Each update to the operating system gets named after a different dessert, in alphabetical order starting with Cake, then Donut, continuing on until the most recent, Nougat, hence the dessert-themed statues. While they were once located outside of building 44, they now reside outside of the Google Welcome Center. 

Android Lawn Statues

<p>In January 1996, Stanford University PhD candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin developed the initial idea that would become the Google Search Engine. Prior to that time, traditional search engines tabulated how often search terms appeared on a page, and subsequently ranked websites based on those totals. Page and Brin, in contrast, imagined a search engine that analyzed relationships among websites. Their new "PageRank" system determined a website's relevance based on the frequency in which a website's pages linked back to the original site. </p><p>The two originally called the site "BackRub," but later changed it to Google, a play on the mathematical "googal," which is the number 1, followed by 100 zeroes. The idea being that Google could provide a wealth of information. Today, Google isn't just a search engine, but an entire computer, phone and electronics brand. However, the search engine grew so successful that "Google" grew to become a verb -- people often remarked, "Just Google it," meaning that one should seek information via the Google search engine. </p><p>Originally, Google operated on the Stanford University's servers through its academic website, but the Google name received its own registration on September 15, 1997. Almost one year later, on September 4, 1998, the two officially started Google, Inc. As is often the case in Silicon Valley, the story of Google starts in a friend's garage -- Susan Wojcicki in Menlo Park, California. Another Stanford PhD candidate, Craig Silverstein, became Google's first employee</p><p>Though Google has grown to become one of the most influential businesses of the 21st century, it took needed financing, and a rejection, to realized success. The initial investment came from the co-founder of Sun MicroSystems just prior to Google's incorporation. Moreover, three other investors, including the founder of Amazon.com, helped Google build its business. And then, in 1999, Page and Brin tried to sell their business for a mere $1 million to then-rival Excite -- one of the many emerging search engine sites operating at the time. Excite declined. As of 2017 Google is reported to be worth more than $100 billion dollars while Excite barely exists, having been accumulated by other internet ventures over time. </p><p>By 2004, Google had grown so successful that it decided to engage in an Initial Public Offering (IPO). The stock, as of March 2018, sells for more than $1,100 per share, a sign of Google's success, but also how technology has now become the the early 21st century what railroads, coal, steel and large retail was to the late 19th and early 20th century. In fact, in 2002, a television show, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, used the term "Google it," noting how Google had interwoven its way into everyday language. In 2004, Merriam-Webster added the verb, "Google," to its Collegiate Dictionary. </p><p>By 2016, Google acquired numerous other smaller companies, operated seventy offices in more than forty countries, and noted by several publications to be the most visited website in the world. In 2013, Google funded a new Bay Area office space that overlooks the San Francisco Bay. But, its GooglePlex remains the place where Google truly grew into, arguably, one of the most influential companies in the world as society concurrently grew ever more tied to its technology.  </p>

The Googleplex is the corporate headquarters complex of Google inc., and the massive physical building serves as a manifestation of the growth of the company from its humble origins at Stanford University in 1996 to the present. Google's rise is also a symbol of the rise of the internet as a form of communication between computers and the humans that design and use them. Google in its 2012 year-end annual report said it had 3.5 million square feet of office space in Mountain View. However, a 1.1 million square-foot Bay View addition, which overlooks San Francisco Bay, began in 2013. 

Googleplex

<p>The Computer History Museum first began in 1964 by American engineer Gordon Bell as a collection of computer artifacts, most notably the Cold War-era Whirlwind computer developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The Digital Computer Museum's (TCDM) first exhibit took place in 1979 at the Digital Equipment Corporation office in Marlborough, Massachusetts.</p><p></p><p>In 1984, the museum changed its name to the Computer Museum and moved to Museum Wharf in Downtown Boston. After notable expansions to its collection, including the UNIVAC 1, IBM 360/30, Cray-1, DEC PCP-8, and Apple-1, the Computer Museum moved its collection to Moffett Field in Mountain View, California with the establishment of the Computer Museum History Center. Following the closure of the Computer Museum in Boston in 1999, artifacts were divided between Boston's Museum and Science and the Computer Museum History Center in California. The following year, the Computer Museum History Center was renamed the Computer History Museum.</p><p></p><p>In 2002, the museum board authorized the $25 million purchase of a landmark building in Silicon Valley's technology corridor previously occupied by Silicon Graphics, which underwent a two-year, $19 million renovation project that was completed in 2011.</p><p></p><p>Today, the museum houses the world's largest collection of computing history materials, including over 100,000 artifacts, objects, and ephemera ranging from ancient calculating devices to the first Google server. The museum offers 25,000 square feet of exhibition space, education facilities and a 5000-square-foot lobby that houses an orientation theater, museum store and cafe.</p>

<p>The Computer History Museum is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of the artifacts and history pertaining to the Information Age. For four decades, the Computer History museum has been one of the leading institutions in the US to preserve and share the history of computers. The museum offers a variety of tours and programs, as well as the largest international collection of computing artifacts.</p>

Computer History Museum

<div>NASA Ames Research Center grew out of Moffett Field, named for Admiral William A. Moffett who planned for the construction of two Naval Air Stations, both commissioned in the early 1930s. The first arose in 1931, designed as a Navy base for which to test Navy airships. And then, in 1939, Congress authorized a second laboratory to be built at Moffett, intended to be used by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the precursor to NASA. It was there that numerous research projects took place, including the study of moon rocks collected during the Apollo lunar landings.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Construction of the facilities at Moffett Field began in 1939, and operations commenced two years later, in 1941. By 1944, NACA named the facility in honor of Joseph S. Ames, a founding member of NACA and leading aerodynamicist, as well as the former president of Johns Hopkins University. Ames' passionately pursued research focused on aircraft structures.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Some of its original facilities include multiple wind tunnels used to test and refine aircraft and guided missiles; today, the facilities serve similar purposes for satellites. Those structures prove to be, by far, the most famous and visible sites, now known as Hangars #1, #2, and #3.&nbsp; However, by the late 1950s it wasn't guided missiles that served as the focus of research; Ames' top priority consisted of providing most of its support to NACA, notably by developing a lunar program.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>The military research did continue, including in the 1960s during the height of the Cold War. Ames emerged as the leading builder of flight simulators in the 1960s, and the Ames Vertical Motion Simulator still enables testing of a variety of aircraft.</div><div><br></div><div>But, as time went on, Ames' scientists and engineers increasingly worked on space-related and other scientific projects. For instance, Ames workers performed the testing and refining of the re-entry capsules and thermal protection in the Center's new Arc Jet Complex and hypervelocity ranges. The arc jets later contributed to thermal protection for all of NASA's crewed programs, including the space shuttle, as well as planetary missions like the Galileo satellite to Jupiter.&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Over the years, Ames has grown into an expansive scientific facility. Among the many programs, Ames has a life science program, boasts of various centrifuges, and operates genome facilities. As well, one can find at Ames nanotechnology labs, and an astrochemistry laboratory that simulates deep space, a bio-mat greenhouse laboratory to study Earth's earliest living organisms, and bio-signature labs.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Furthermore, scientists at Ames explore exoplanets; the center provides scientific and management leadership of NASA's Kepler mission, which has discovered over 6,500 exoplanets and exoplanet candidates. Lastly, Ames serves as a partner for NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), the world's largest airborne astronomical observatory, as well as for the International Space Station, and Mars Science Laboratory and the Mars Curiosity Rover. Indeed, the team at Ames developed the landing system for NASA's Mars Science Laboratory and tested the deployment of an early parachute design.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>The research facility's proximity to America's technology center -- Silicon Valley -- proved to be a fortuitous one. In 2014, NASA leased the management of Hangar One and Moffett to Planetary Ventures, a subsidiary of Google, for sixty years. Google announced plans to restore the hanger, which is expected to be completed by 2025.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>In 2017, several Ames facilities were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These include the Ames Administration building, the Aviation Systems Division's flight simulation and guidance laboratory, the Arc Jet Complex, and the NASA Ames Wind Tunnel Historic District.</div>

NASA's Ames Research Center is a leading research facility that plays an important role in many of NASA's missions. The facility is home to over $3 billion in equipment, and has been in operation since the 1940s (and part of NASA since its establishment in 1958). The center is named in honor of Joseph Sweetman Ames, a founding member of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), one of several federal agencies that were precursors to NASA. Ames conducted wind-tunnel research, helped NACA license technological innovations to businesses to spur the economy, and chaired the Foreign Service Committee of the National Research Council.

NASA Ames Research Center & Moffett

Walker's Wagon Wheel Tavern was a western-themed bar that many of the top engineers from all of the major companies frequented in the 1970s and 1980s. The bar opened in the 1960s and was hugely popular with the local population. The top engineers from Fairchild and National, which were two of the bigger companies working in Silicon Valley at the time,&nbsp;would often meet at the tavern after work to celebrate accomplishments. This intermingling of companies led to the sharing of ideas, which contributed to&nbsp;the incredible pace of technological growth in the region at this time.<br><br>According to David Laws, who works with the Computer History Museum, "The Wagon Wheel played a legendary role in the valley.&nbsp;<span>People would get together and talk about technical problems. 'How did you etch that?' It's the sort of thing that would horrify an intellectual property lawyer" (quoted in Quinn /&nbsp;<i>LA Times</i>).</span><br><br>The interior of the bar featured upholstered booths and tables. Guests could order any number of cocktails from the wooden bar, as well as food, of which the hamburgers seemed to be the most popular. The western theme continued with wagon wheels and pictures, as well as an entire replica of a wagon on the roof of the building.<br><br>The bar was closed in 2000 after investigators found that the bar's card room was not meeting requirements stated in the 1997 Gambling Control Act, which all gambling institutions were required to follow. After three years of sitting empty and unused, the building was demolished in 2003. The lot that the bar sat on is still vacant as of this time.&nbsp;

Walker's Wagon Wheel was a bar in Mountain View. Named after an old wagon wheel that was displayed in the bar, Walker's was a place where engineers came to mingle, unwind, and share information. Even the fiercest rivals came together at Walker's, a sort of neutral territory where ideas could be discussed freely in a cooperative environment. Ideas were shared and employees recruited here, fueling Silicon Valley's rapid rise as a leader in tech. The tavern was demolished in 2003.

Walker's Wagon Wheel (1967-2000)

<p>The museum and its directors believe that&nbsp;every young person should have the opportunity to explore science and technology with hands-on learning experiences. In addition to its wide array of galleries, workshops, and other local programming, the museum sponsors server national and international awards for those who promote technology and education. Please check the links below for more information about these programs and opportunities within and beyond the San Diego area.</p><p>The inspiration for the museum began in 1978 when members of the local Junior League dedicated themselves to the creation of a museum of science and technology. Their vision became a reality in 1990 when the museum opened in the city's former convention center. After eight years and with the generous support of the museum's benefactors, the museum opened in its current location.</p>

The Tech Museum of Innovation features 132,000 square feet of interactive galleries and workshops that reflect 'the Spirit of Silicon Valley" and blend fun with education in science and technology. Guests can tour the galleries, participate in workshops, and enjoy educational films in the museum's IMAX theater. The Museum sponsors a number of day-long and multi-day workshops were young adults can explore technology and design their own inventions and innovations. 

The Tech Museum of Innovation

<p>Construction started on the headquarters in 1992 and was finished in 1993. The street that the complex is on is called Infinite Loop Drive, and the buildings are all named after the street and numbered one through six. The street is actually named after the infinite loop, which is a computer process that either cannot be finished or starts itself over and often leaves computers unresponsive. The buildings were used solely for research and development for the first four years that the campus was being used by Apple. In 1997, other buildings and tasks were added to the grounds to make it more of a headquarters. </p><p>Apple decided to expand into a second campus in 2006 and construction on Apple Campus 2 began in 2014 after some delays occurred. The new campus sits on 175 acres of land and was predicted to cost billions of dollars to construct. The building was intended to include research facilities as well as housing for employees. The massive, circular, glass four-story Apple Park headquarters building opened in April 2017.</p><p>Apple Infinite Loop Campus also was home to the company store (1 Infinity Loop) where visitors could buy a shirt that read “I Visited The Mother Ship." That store closed permanently in January 2024. Store employees were offered positions at the store at the Apple Park Visitors Center (see the links below) adjacent to the new headquarters in Apple Park or at stores in Apple Valley Fair. Store customers were re-directed to purchase at the company's website or app. The rest of the buildings on the Infinity Loop Campus continued in use by Apple Inc.</p><p>For those interested in learning more about the history of Apple computers, please consider visiting Steve Jobs' Garage, which is also an entry on Clio.</p>

<p>Completed between 1992 and 1993, the former corporate headquarters for Apple Inc. consisted of six main buildings within a 32-acre complex east of De Anza Boulevard at Infinite Loop. Apple acquired the property from Four Phase Systems in the early 1990s, a period when leading technology and communications firms began to move from leased space in downtown buildings in order to build a corporate complex designed to reflect the ethos of a university campus. A sprawling second campus, originally called Apple Campus 2, was established further east along I-280 in Cupertino. Now known as Apple Park, the highlight of the new campus is a massive, circular, four-story new headquarters building that was occupied in April 2017. The new headquarters is not open to the public, but the adjacent Apple Park Visitors Center opened in November 2017. The Apple Infinite Loop Campus holds Apple offices and laboratories; the Apple store here closed in January 2024.</p>

Apple Infinite Loop Campus

As a seventh-grader, Steve Jobs moved in with his foster parents (Paul and Clara), who lived in this 1950s ranch-style house. Jobs first learned how to tinker with things from his&nbsp;foster father. However, it was Jobs' 1971 meeting with his neighbor Steve Wozniak, a lover of electronics and employee of Hewlett-Packard (HP) that placed Jobs on the path to immense success. The two young men met in 1971. Jobs, still in high school at the time, took a summer job at Hewlett Packard.<br><br>After high school, Jobs attended&nbsp;Reed College but soon dropped out of school and took a job at Atari. While at Atari, Jobs worked as a night-shift technician throughout the mid-1970s similar to his friend Wozniak who had left HP for Atari in 1973. Meanwhile, Wozniak continued to take an interest in building computers and the two young men continued their interest in the potential applications of computer technology.&nbsp;<br><br>On April Fools Day in 1976, Jobs, Wozniak,&nbsp;and fellow Atari worker Ronald Wayne officially formed Apple Computers. By this time, Wozniak had designed the first computer the company produced at this home with the help of Jobs. In the attached garage and Jobs' bedroom, Jobs&nbsp;and Steve Wozniak assembled the first 50 Apple 1 computers based on Wozniak's design. They sold the new computers to&nbsp;Paul Terrell's Byte Shop in Mountain View for $500 each (adjusted for inflation, this is a cost of about $2,100 in 2018).<br><br>Nine months later, the Apple Computer Company has secured enough capital to move operations to nearby Cupertino. By that point, Wayne had sold his interests in the company for a mere $800 to both Jobs and Wozniak. The&nbsp;start-up company grew to become one of the most influential computer and electronic companies of the late 20th and early 21st century. Apple's headquarters became known as the Apple campus, consisting of six different buildings that served the company through 2017. The company has now moved into the new "Apple Park," a circular building that, as noted by many observers seems to resemble that of a spaceship.<br>

During the early 1970s, this suburban home was owned by Paul and Clara Jobs, the foster parents of future Apple Computers executive Steve Jobs. The garage and bedroom served as the place where Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne experimented with computer boards and discussed the potential of the computer as for personal use. In this home, the three young men created the Apple I computer and also incorporated the Apple Computer company. The house was designated as a historic site in 2016.  

Steve Jobs' Garage

<p>Space for the museum’s rotating exhibits, of which there are usually 2-4 per year, is located on the lower level. They focus on diverse topics, but local land use and social issues are covered in detail, as are the lives of local residents. Recent exhibits have included Spirits Return: Cultural Traditions Keeping Memories Alive, which focused on different cultural traditions used to keep the memories of loved ones alive long after they’ve departed this world. </p><p>On the upper level is the museum’s permanent exhibit, Crown of the Peninsula which traces the development of the area from an agricultural centered “Valley of Heart’s Delight” to the high tech hub now known as Silicon Valley. Ohlone Native Americans, Spanish and Mexican settlers, apricot growers and today’s residents all play a central role in this exhibit. It also features a model railroad and replica town that represents 1932 downtown Los Altos which is popular with children and adults alike.</p><p>The museum also offers educational programs to include the Margaret Thompson Historical Essay Contest open to area 3rd-6th graders and 3rd-4th grade curriculum tours. The grand oaks, floral gardens and large brick patio attract numerous couples to use the grounds for weddings and/or receptions. It is also a popular destination for luncheons, reunions and other community gatherings. </p><p>The museum's Third Thursday programs blend education and community engagement; admission for Third Thursday events is $15 per person, pre-registered, or free to museum members. The Third Thursday program in July 2024 featured student dancers from the Vishwa Shanti Academy performing Indian classical dance. The performance fit in with a museum exhibit "Expressions: Multicultural Artists Showcase" that was slated to be displayed through September 15th, 2024.</p>

<p>The Los Altos History Museum opened in 2001 with the express purpose of preserving and sharing the local history of the area with all who pass through its doors. Located within one of the few operating apricot orchards in the Santa Clara Valley, the museum’s 8,200 square feet are used to display both permanent and rotating, interactive exhibits. Admission to the museum is free and both self-guided and docent led tours are available during operating hours</p>

Los Altos History Museum

The owner of Buck's of Woodside, Jamis MacNiven,&nbsp;is a jack of all trades. Prior to opening Buck's he was a general contractor for 15 years. "<span>I built many of the saving and loan branches which had such a hard fall and later I remodeled some of those locations into restaurants and that’s how I got in this business. Some of the eateries I built include Prego, Ciao, MacArthur Park SF and The Hard Rock SF along with several dozen others in the early 80’s." - Jamis MacNiven<br><br>Buck's of Woodside is known for its "flapjacks and tomfoolery." Almost all&nbsp;Sillicon Valley leaders have eaten a Buck's at least one time. However, tech&nbsp;geniuses&nbsp;are not the only famous people&nbsp;to pop into Buck's, Mel Gibson is a frequent customer. Jamis MacNiven is&nbsp;privileged&nbsp;to&nbsp;meet all of his influential customers.</span>

Buck's of Woodside has been coined the "Cheers" of Silicon Valley. It's known for its eccentric decor and quirky personality. Model airplanes are suspended from the ceiling, and a Statue of Liberty wearing a sombrero and Mona Lisa tie holds an ice cream cone aloft. But make no mistake: this restaurant's walls have heard the conversations of some of Silicon Valley's premier company leaders and entrepreneurs, such as Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning of Tesla Motors. In the words of Buck's owner Jamis MacNiven, "We're just a local joint...It's like Facebook with real faces."

Silicon Valley Computer History Trail

Intel Museum

Introduction

Images

Backstory and Context

Sources

Additional Information